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Medical disclaimer

The information published here is general and educational. It is written to help you understand what a symptom may mean and what an examination involves. It is not a substitute for a medical consultation.

Last updated: 31 August 2026

In an emergency

If you have severe difficulty breathing, heavy bleeding, a sudden loss of hearing, a severe injury to the head or neck, or any other condition that feels urgent, do not use this website. Call 998 for an ambulance or 999 for police, or go to the nearest emergency department.

No doctor-patient relationship

Reading this website, sending the enquiry form, or exchanging messages about an appointment does not create a doctor-patient relationship. That relationship begins at a consultation, in person, at the clinic.

General, not individual

The descriptions of conditions, examinations and treatments on this website are general. Which of them applies to you, and whether a particular treatment is suitable, can only be decided after an examination. Two people with the same symptom often need different treatment, which is the reason the examination comes first.

Do not delay seeking medical attention, and do not stop or change prescribed medication, because of something read here.

Outcomes

No result is promised or implied anywhere on this website. Every procedure carries risks as well as benefits, and these are discussed individually before any decision is made.

Currency of the information

Content is reviewed periodically. Medical understanding develops over time, and a page may not reflect the most recent guidance at the moment you read it.